There are 360 degrees in a complete turn. And that’s okay.Degrees The unit that we measure angles with. Most of the world around us is not made of regular 2D shapes the way they are drawn in simple shape books and posters. As Puppy solves problems, readers get to explore how 2D shapes are the flat faces of 3D prisms and share in the delight of discovering “a rectangle block-that’s a square block, too!” Harris tells the story of Puppy putting together blocks to build a bed that’s just the right size for a nap. A ball is round in every direction so we call its shape a sphere.” The book Now What? A Math Tale by Robie H. You can acknowledge what the child knows while pushing for greater precision-“Yes, the ball is round like a circle, but it’s not flat. For example, many children will say that a ball is a “circle” because it is round. This is a great opportunity to help children see the relationship between different types of shapes, particularly 2D and 3D shapes. Going on a “Shape Hunt” in real life or through picture books such as Shapes, Shapes, Shapes by Tana Hoban is bound to turn up many common 3D objects that get labeled with 2D shape names. For example, you might say, “Yes, I see three sides, but the crust side is curved so it’s not exactly a triangle. This is a great opportunity to focus on the defining attributes of a triangle. Likely, the child will have noticed that the slice has three sides. So, if a child says a pizza slice is a triangle, you might ask them why they think that.
How often might we point to a piece of pizza and call it a “triangle?” As adults, it’s not our main concern to correct children’s language, but to listen to what shape knowledge children reveal by what they say and to build on it.
Luckily, it’s easy to find nonexamples to discuss in everyday life. Nonexamples are highly visually similar to a type of shape but lack at least one defining attribute. Talking about diverse shape examples along with nonexamples can go a long way to help children understand what defines a shape-what makes a triangle a triangle, for example.
As a result, children may not recognize isosceles and scalene triangles as triangles because they look “stretched out.” Children may say that a triangle with a vertex pointing down is “upside down.” Watch a small group discussion about “upside down” triangles during a preschool activity called Feel for Shapes. Most children’s books present triangles as equilateral (3 equal sides) and oriented to sit on a horizontal base. So it’s up to us to find, share, and talk about a variety of shapes with children in ways that expand their understanding and build connections between shapes (think, how is a square a special case of a rectangle?) and connections between the shapes drawn on paper and the concrete objects in our world. And these shapes are usually presented in only one typical way so that children often develop rigid and fixed notions of what shapes must look like. In fact, the majority of emphasis gets put on just four shapes: circles, triangles, rectangles, and squares. Though we live in a 3D world, common language and materials used to teach children about shapes focus on 2D shapes. Long before children have language to name or describe these different types of shapes, they develop intuition about which shapes roll, how a flat surface feels, and that “corners” are pointy. They informally learn about the properties of 3D shapes as they mouth, touch, and play with blocks, balls, and other objects in daily life. Children explore the everyday shapes in their environment from birth.
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